The search for dark matter — and what we’ve found so far | Risa Wechsler

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Roughly 85 percent of mass in the universe is "dark matter" — mysterious material that can't be directly observed but has an immense influence on the cosmos. What exactly is this strange stuff, and what does it have to do with our existence? Astrophysicist Risa Wechsler explores why dark matter may be the key to understanding how the universe formed — and shares how physicists in labs around the world are coming up with creative ways to study it.

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35 Comments on The search for dark matter — and what we’ve found so far | Risa Wechsler

  1. I just wanna be pretty straight forward and ask a question that On what basis and observation do you calculate the percentage of dark matter,dark energy and matter??

    • 1) Ratio of mass of Dark Matter vs. Visible matter: local measurement of gravitational pull and kinematics of stars in galaxies, and galaxies in the clusters. In more detail, we measure what we see (gas, dust, and stars in galaxies and between the galaxies), and their kinematics. Knowing how gravity between those objects would result in kinematics (Galileo, Kepler, Newton) that we do NOT see in real galaxies. We see that galaxies (stars within) are rotating as there is more mass than what we see. Also, intracluster gas and the galaxies in clusters move as there is some additional mass somewhere around. We proposed many hardly visual objects (heavy particles, Back Holes, brown dwarf, invisible gas, …), but by deduction and better observations, we eliminated those candidates.
      2) Ratio between Matter (Dark+visible) and Dark energy: assumptions about the universe, and how it expands. We measure how fast the universe expands, which depends on the ratio between gravitational energy (source in dark+visible matter) and some energy causing expansion. Also, different ratio between Dark energy and gravitational energy would end up with different slopes of densities of matter throughout the space (= how concentrated the density of matter is), and different look of the cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR).

    • An educated guess: Orbital period is related to mass, so by observing how fast stellar objects rotate in a galaxy as a function of distance from its center, you may infer approximately how much mass is involved.

  2. How can we model something we don’t know and say that we do know whether galaxies or universes would form or not? That is the question.

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